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Warren Tribe:

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*BP Energy Outlook 2030 Report January 2012

*Our electric future: UK White Paper for secure, affordable low carbon electricity 2012

* Global Cleantech 100 The most innovative companies report 2011

* GCCSI Carbon Capture and Storage Global Status Report 2011

* US Energy Information Association DOE / EIA International Energy Outlook Report 2011

*Special IPCC Report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation

*Global CCS Institute Carbon CO2 Transport

How Do We Monitor and Calculate Global CO2 Levels?

At present with current energy demands we are adding 2 ppm of CO2 each year. Recent Readings show that parts of worlds atmosphere now exceed *390 parts per million – a 40% increase on pre-industrial CO2 Levels.

with out intervention Current trends show we will exceed 450 ppm in 30 years. This level of CO2 will raise the temperature of the planet by as much as 3 degrees Celsius which will have catastrophic consequences.

Monthly Mean Global CO2 Levels for the month of Sept 2011 = 389.00 ppm

Monthly Mean Global CO2 Levels for the month of Sept 2010 = 386.80 ppm

Data Source : http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/trends/

The aforementioned link will direct you to the ESRL Global Monitoring Division: NOAA ( National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration) website. This is invaluable source for up to date climatic and CO2 level data. The site explains how we monitor CO2 levels, trends and forecasts. The ESRL (Earth System Research Laboratory ) studies and reports on the atmospheric mechanisms that drive the Earth's climate.

The Global Monitoring Division Provides the best possible information on atmospheric constituents that drive climate change, stratospheric ozone depletion, and baseline air quality

Scientists and Economists are fearful that the current rate of CO2 output will continue to rise at an accelerated rate due to China, India and the rest of world’s ever growing population - industrialization, mobility and energy demands (Inaction could result in raising levels to 550 ppm in 30 years)

What level of CO2 can we and the planet endure? Scientists feel that the planet can handle 350 ppm on an on going basis, and that we must go beyond stalling CO2 at its present level ( *390 ppm) as the world is allready feeling the impacts of climate change, the world must collectively focus on bringing it below 350 ppm. Idealistically they would prefer to see it back down to 287 ppm.

CCS: Carbon Capture and Storage

CCS is currently a global strategy that we must use to buy time until we can effectively manage global Emission through Future Carbon Reductive Innovations, Air - CO2 Absorption, CO2 Recycling Technologies, Zero Emission Industries and CO2- Free Energy Solutions

As the CCS market evolves, Safe and permanent geologic CO2 storage is an important element in carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology

I would like to refer to a post titled "The Big Question: How Much CO2 Can the Earth Hold? " http://nyti.ms/guryEQ in the New York Times by Filip Neele, a research geologist at the geosciences branch of TNO.

There could be as much as 5,700 years of carbon dioxide (CO2) storage potential available in geologic formations in the United States and portions of Canada, according to the latest edition of the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) Carbon Sequestration Atlas (Atlas III).
http://1.usa.gov/gGNkTR.

There are many key regions through out the world that have Potentially safe long term CO2 storage assets at their disposal through Depleted Oil, Gas Fields and Saline Aquifers:

Peak Oil, and its continued rising price means that CO2 EOR and EGR resource optimization and Carbon Sequestration projects are now becoming an attractive proposal to Oil / Energy Companies

However many regions, countries do not have a direct access to Geological Safe CO2 Storage Assets. CO2 Transportation and Infrastructure Development are some of the major challenges and issues facing CCS and its global application on a local and regional level:

Article: The Current Obstacles Facing Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS)

The Future and Emerging Market Opportunities

CO2 is also a resource, with base elements, which can be converted into a series of trade-able commodities, valuable products and chemicals which in the near future will be processed on a profitable and industrial scale.

Infrastructure, CCS Integration costs and energy instensive processing reduce profitablity for industrialists and owners: We must collectively focus on accelerating the development Up take of lead clean techologies and process to effectively drive market transformation.

Industrial Process
It important that we focus on the research and development of efficient. more cost effective Carbon and Emission Reduction - Removal and Storage Solutions including CCR Carbon Capture Reusage, CO2 Recycling , Bio Sequestration, CO2 Sequestration with Enhanced Coal Seam Methane Recovery, CO2 Mineralization, Geo Engineering, Large Industrial Scale Air - CO2 Absorption Technologies, Green Refining, Clean Processing, Sustainable Clean Power Generation and Energy Storage Solutions.

There is an urgency to accelerate the modernization of industrial, commercial and domestic environments with a focus to deploy and integrate more cost effective sustainable processes, carbon reductive technologies and energy smart solutions

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DC-Investments is an investment and asset management group. It advises and invests in companies, emerging markets, technologies and projects that address our climate change, sustainability and energy demand issues.

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Emerging Technologies

The growing consumer demand for a reliable energy storage option has resulted in a series of inventions in the advanced energy storage market. In recent years, significant progress has been made in the market in advanced batteries, fuel cells, flywheels and ultracapacitors. There has been significant progress in increasing the expected battery life and in developing battery technologies that are capable of effectively powering various digital devices, power tools, battery electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles.

A fuel cell is a zero-emission source of power, and the only byproduct of a fuel cell is water. Some fuel cells use natural gas or hydrocarbons as fuel, but even those produce far less emissions than conventional sources. Therefore, fuel cells eliminate or at least vastly reduce the pollution and greenhouse gas emissions caused by burning fossil fuels, and since they are also quiet in operation, they also reduce noise pollution. The advantages of advanced energy storage devices are significantly increasing consumer demand and the trend is expected to continue in future.

The Fuel Cells Market is in its Nascent Stage of Development

Fuel cells are one of the most promising energy storage technologies and currently attract the highest amount of investor interest among other power supply technologies. Driven by the need to compensate for the ill-effects and inconveniences of lead-acid batteries, stationary fuel cells are largely used for backup power applications. Fuel cells are considered to be low-maintenance, environmentally friendly storage solutions with long life spans for long periods of back-up power. Since the market is in its developmental stage, it is characterized by highly restricted sales volumes, and consequent price falls due to lack of adequate demand. Nevertheless, the potential of fuel cells are being actively explored by the power supply players across the value chain. The global fuel cells market is expected to increase from $543.8m in 2010 to $3710.3m in 2020 at a CAGR of 21.2%.

Ultracapacitor Market Will Increase Significantly in the Future

Ultracapacitors can store a large amount of energy due to the enormous surface area created by their porous carbon electrodes and small charge separation created by the dielectric separator. The charges they hold are analogous to the static electricity that builds up on a balloon, but are much greater due to the extremely large surface area of their interior materials. Energy storage mechanisms used in supercapacitors are highly reversible and allow charging and discharging for hundreds of thousands of cycles. Total number of charge-discharge cycles for the commercial ultracapacitors varies between 500,000 to one million. Ultracapacitors have high efficiency and are best suited for applications that require high power density, such as consumer electronics, transportation, industrial and telecommunication

Carbon Markets

The Global Carbon markets are estimated to be worth $170 Billion in 2011. It could be worth 3 Trillion by 2020 Outlook for 2010 and Beyond - Point Carbon

The Carbon Markets create a $144B global opportunity to access funding for investments in low greenhouse gas emitting technologies. India accounts for 35% of the global pipeline of Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects. Energy efficiency through available and new clean technologies is an integral part of the solution to climate change and in the transition to a low carbon economy. Carbon Offsetting and Carbon Credits are a source of financing that can assist in commercialization and wide spread adoption of such technologies.

Emissions Control: A major study finds that Nitrogen pollution is costing each person in Europe around £130 - £650 (€150 – €740 Euros) a year. The study, carried out by 200 experts from 21 countries and 89 organizations, estimates that the annual cost of damage caused by nitrogen across Europe is £60 - £280 billion (€70 -320 billion), more than double the extra income gained from using nitrogen fertilizers in European agriculture.

Nitrous Oxide or N2O (commonly known as laughing gas) is a high impact greenhouse gas. The greenhouse effect of this gas is about 300 times stronger than CO2.The chemical industry also holds an important share in this emission, especially in the production of nitric acid, adipic acid and caprolactam. Preventing this emission has become an important issue worldwide.

Carbon Management and Carbon Reporting Solutions provide added value to Industries, Corporates and SME's; OK Carbon's and DCarbonize DC- Consulting's easy to use Powerful and Intelligent Software, Technologies and Solutions empower enterprises to effectively monitor, manage and control their energy / fuel usage and carbon footprint achieving Triple Bottom Line Savings (TBL's) accross all sectors: Reducing Operational and Energy Costs: Resulting in Savings, Power Efficiency, Sustainability & Profit

Power A Head With Hydro Power

Hydro Power : Global energy demand is rising fast, especially in developing countries, due to an increase in populations and industrialization. In order to meet this demand, it has become necessary to explore renewable energy sources, as conventional sources have become expensive due to the depleting supply. Medium and Small Hydro Projects provide an excellent and abundant source for power generation, there are no fuel costs as they use water flow as a naturally occurring energy resource; These are emerging as some of the most promising solutions for ensuring a reliable and sustainable low carbon energy supply in the long term

OK Hydro Powering ahead

Investors, Developers & Managers of Hydro Power Projects
www.okhydro.com | www.hydropower.co
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Even though fossil fuels dominate electricity generation across the world, more than 60 countries use hydropower for meeting more than half of their electricity needs. The technology is the most popular renewable source of electricity generation as for various reasons, which include its ability to instantaneously respond to changing electricity demand, water management and flood control.

Given the advantages of generating electricity from medium / small hydropower coupled with rising interest in this sector has led to increased government support policies which will derive installations in many countries in the years to come. Cumulative installed capacity of small hydropower is expected to reach 140GW in 2015 and more than 201GW in 2020.